Skin discoloration - Picture, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Skin discoloration

Skin discoloration is often mistaken for scarring. Initially, all scars are red, pink or purple but the color fades over a year.

The blood vessels in a scarred area may be very noticeable but all color changes can be camouflaged with make-up or a special covering cream. Many scars become temporarily lumpy during healing but later flatten.

The skin may darken because of pigments in the skin, the two main pigments deposited in the skin being iron and melanin. Color cells (melanocytes) are studded in their millions throughout the skin. They produce a brown pigment called melanin.

All races have the same number of colour cells in the skin but they produce different amounts of pigment. In all races the colour production increases by sunshine. The colour of the skin also depends on the blood supply to the skin.

An extensive network of blood vessels runs underneath the epidermis and it reacts to heat and cold. The skin reacts to heat and cold in many ways. Most of the reactions are to the body's advantage, but some are troublesome and a few even dangerous.

The body needs a constant internal temperature for all its processes to function properly. The skin regulates body temperature by reducing loss of heat when the weather is cold or prevents extra heat when the body is too hot.

We assist the skin in doing this by altering our clothing. Hot weather, warm clothes or a fever-causes the body temperature to rise, and sets off the heat losing mechanisms of the skin, such as reddening of the skin due to enlarging of the blood vessels, swelling of the skin and sweating. The body cools itself by evaporating sweat from the skin. This is the most important way of losing heat.

Many skin diseases, especially eczema, provoke the colour cells of the skin to over-produce pigment which drops down into the dermis of the skin and leaves brown marks when the skin trouble disappears. This is called post-inflammatory hyper-pigmentation. Fortunately, the body can slowly remove this pigment and most darkening fades over 1 to 2 years.

The darkening is worst in black skin and may occur even after acne. Once this type of colour change has developed, there is little that can remove it except time. The early treatment of the disease will help prevent the colour change.

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